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Corruption was rampant during the Karimov years, and Uzbekistan was practically isolated from the rest of the world.Īfter the death of Karimov, newcomer Shavkat Mirziyoyev was elected president. Between 1991 to 2016, the country was ruled by Islam Karimov and his government was widely criticised for its poor human rights record. Uzbekistan gained independence in 1991, following the breakup of the Soviet Union. During the Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, which have left the land poisoned and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after World War I was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic set up in 1924. Russia conquered Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. The most famous leader to come from Uzbekistan is Tamerlane who was born in Shahrisabz south of Samarkand. Islam was introduced by Arabs in the 8th-9th century. Samarkand was conquered by Alexander the Great. Unlike the neighbouring Kazakhs and Kyrgyz, but like their close cousins the Uyghurs, the Uzbeks were mostly a sedentary people, building impressive cities along the old Silk Road. One version is that it is derived from Turkish 'uz/öz' ('good' or 'true') and 'bek' ('guardian'). The meaning of the name Uzbek is disputed. 45 60 1 Aral Sea - a lesson in the perils of environmental degradation, the drying of the Aral Sea has ravaged a region roughly the size of Germany with disease, birth defects, agricultural and economic devastation, and one-time cargo ships lying on their side in the dust.Ģ20 volt / 50 hertz (Europlug, Schuko, AS/NZS 3112).Several of these were once great trading cities on the Silk Road. 37.224167 67.278333 9 Termez - the southernmost city near the border with Afghanistan, named by Alexander the Great's forces for the intense temperatures they found here ( thermos = hot).39.05 66.833333 8 Shakhrisabz - a small city, whose historical center is a UNESCO World Heritage site for its impressive monuments from the Timurid Dynasty.39.654167 66.959722 7 Samarkand - the nation's second largest city, the whole of which is a UNESCO World Heritage site, home to the most famous Silk Road attraction of them all, the Registan.
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